premium oil for Jaguar Properties of oil
Most motor oils are made from a heavier, thicker petroleum hydrocarbon base stock derived from crude oil, with additives to improve certain properties. The bulk of a typical motor oil consists of hydrocarbons with between 18 and 34 carbon atoms per molecule.7 One of the most important properties of motor oil in maintaining a lubricating film between moving parts is its viscosity. The viscosity of a liquid can be thought of as its "thickness" or a measure of its resistance to flow. The viscosity must be high enough to maintain a lubricating film, but low enough that the oil can flow around the engine parts under all conditions. The viscosity index is a measure of how much the oil's viscosity changes as temperature changes. A higher viscosity index indicates the viscosity changes less with temperature than a lower viscosity index.
Motor oil must be able to flow adequately at the lowest temperature it is expected to experience in order to minimize metal to metal contact between moving parts upon starting up the engine. The pour point defined first this property of motor oil, as defined by ASTM D97 as "... an index of the lowest temperature of its utility ..." for a given application,8 but the "cold cranking simulator" (CCS, see ASTM D5293-08) and "Mini-Rotary Viscometer" (MRV, see ASTM D3829-02(2007), ASTM D4684-08) are today the properties required in motor oil specs and define the SAE classifications.
Oil is largely composed of hydrocarbons which can burn if ignited. Still another important property of motor oil is its flash point, the lowest temperature at which the oil gives off vapors which can ignite. It is dangerous for the oil in a motor to ignite and burn, so a high flash point is desirable. At a petroleum refinery, fractional distillation separates a motor oil fraction from other crude oil fractions, removing the more volatile components, and therefore increasing the oil's flash point (reducing its tendency to burn).
Another manipulated property of motor oil is its Total base number (TBN), which is a measurement of the reserve alkalinity of an oil, meaning its ability to neutralize acids. The resulting quantity is determined as mg KOH/ (gram of lubricant). Analogously, Total acid number (TAN) is the measure of a lubricant's acidity. Other tests include zinc, phosphorus, or sulfur content, and testing for excessive foaming.
The NOACK volatility (ASTM D-5800) Test determines the physical evaporation loss of lubricants in high temperature service. A maximum of 14% evaporation loss is allowable to meet API SL and ILSAC GF-3 specifications. Some automotive OEM oil specifications require lower than 10%.
Źródło: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil
Mandatory review of the condition of the vehicle bus
The main responsibility for the condition of the bus goes on tour borne by the driver. It should be thoroughly familiar with the technical condition of the vehicle, which is to go on tour and report any defects to the site, which noted in his bus. Besides, from time to time, carried out a mandatory review of the condition of the vehicle bus, which should refer to the manager responsible for the fleet under its supervision. The driver must take care of yourself while is that while driving do not run out of fuel in the bus, so it makes refueling before you leave and then maybe driving up to a gas station within the allowed driving breaks. Isolated also complements the engine oil level on the bus.
Car Parts - original or not?
As you know, the original car parts can sometimes be very expensive, especially if we think about replacing parts in the car with the high-end class. Many people are looking for savings decides to invest in a used auto parts or replacements. Whether in this case the higher the price of a higher quality product and whether deciding on a replacement for a mistake? It actually depends on the individual case. Sometimes it may be that the replacement is just as valuable as the original part, and it is not necessary to install the original to the efficient operation of our car. However, there are also cases in which the replacement is very fast operation due to the lower quality of the product and must again replace the part.